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Heating System Guide - Hydronic Heating Systems Equipment
By Jackie LoBuglio - JD Supply HVAC Heating & Cooling Outlet
Hydronic Heating Systems
Hydronic Heating Systems move hot water or steam through pipes to transfer heat to different locations, and may be utilized for space heating of both indoor and outdoor areas. Hydronic Heaters are usually Radiant Heating units, although Convective Heating units are also available (and some convective heating also occurs from radiant heaters).
Previous articles addressed Hydronic Heating System Advantages, Hydronic Heating System Disadvantages, and some popular Hydronic Heating Heat Distribution Methods.
Here we provide an overview of the different types of Hydronic Heating Systems Equipment.
Hydronic Heating Equipment
Hydronic Heating Systems consist of several pieces of equipment including the:
Hydronic Heating System Boiler
Hydronic Heating System Circulator (Circulating Pump)
Hydronic Heating System Zone Valves
Hydronic Heating System Expansion Tank
Hydronic Heating System Air Elimination Devices
Hydronic Heating System Heat Distribution Devices
Hydronic Heating System Heat Exchanger
Hydronic Heating System Mixing Valve
Hydronic Heating System Controls
Hydronic Heating System Piping
Hydronic Heating System Pipe Insulation
Hydronic Heating System Boilers - The Boiler, or Hot Water Generator, does not actually boil the water, but simply reheats it prior to distribution to the heat emitting units. Boilers are generally rated on input and/or output in British thermal units per hour (Btu/h), or in kilowatts (1 kW = 3,412 Btu/h). Boiler output should be adequate to offset building design heat loss, piping losses (if they run through unheated space), plus any additional heating needs such as swimming pools or hot tubs. The boiler should not be too large for the area that it is heating.
Hydronic Heating System Circulator - The Circulator, or Circulating Pump, is an electrically driven pump that forces the water through the boiler and/or the piping system. Some systems have more than one circulator in order to serve separate systems (e.g. domestic hot water), and different areas (zones) of the home.
Hydronic Heating System Zone Valves - Rather than have separate pumps for different zones, one circulator may serve several zones, with each zone regulated by a Zone Valve, which is controlled by its own thermostat. Most residential zone valves are electric, and operate on 24-Volt alternating current. Pneumatic valves and self-contained hydraulically activated thermostat/valve units are also available.
Hydronic Heating System Expansion Tank - Water expands when heated and contracts when cooled. The Expansion Tank is a reservoir that allows for the change in volume.
Hydronic Heating System Air Elimination Devices - Any Air that is present in Hydronic Heating System piping reduces performance. Several devices are used to remove air from the system and return it to the atmosphere. An air-venting device should be installed at each high point in the system where air can gather.
Hydronic Heating System Heat Distribution Devices - The range of devices available for heat distribution in hydronic heating systems includes: Baseboard Convection Units, Radiators, Fan-Coil Units, Kickspace Heaters, Radiant Floors, or Radiant Ceilings.
Hydronic Heating System Heat Exchangers - Transfer heat to water or, in the case of snow-melting systems, to an anti-freeze solution.
Hydronic Heating System Mixing Valves - Some systems, or parts of systems (eg. radiant floors), require cooler water than is supplied by the boiler. A mixing valve blends cooler return water with hot boiler water to obtain the correct required system temperature.
Hydronic Heating System Controls - Standard low-voltage (24V AC), or newer programmable electronic thermostats, can be used to provide temperature control. Thermostats are usually connected to, and control, the zone valves. When the valve is fully open, an end switch on the zone valve turns on the boiler and circulator. There are 2 basic boiler control strategies: Variable Temperature if the boiler is used for space heating only, and Constant Temperature if the boiler is also used to heat water, swimming pools or hot tubs. This second method is often referred to as a "Summer/Winter Hook-Up".
Hydronic Heating System Piping - Copper Piping is used most commonly to distribute the hot water. If piping is embedded in a concrete slab it may be made of iron, steel, synthetic rubber or plastic.
Hydronic Heating System Pipe Insulation - To minimize heat loss, and to ensure that heat is efficiently delivered only to spaces where it is required, pipes running through unheated areas (such as crawlspaces) should be correctly insulated. Molded fiberglass pipe insulation is often used.
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