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HVAC Guide - Combined Heating And Cooling Systems
By Jackie LoBuglio - JD Supply HVAC Heating & Cooling Outlet
Heating Systems and Cooling Systems, often called Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems, have been around for many years. In this HVAC Combined Heating & Cooling Systems Guide we describe both Residential and Commercial Systems that allow for Both Heating And Cooling. You may also wish to refer to the sections on Residential Heating Systems, Commercial & Industrial Heating Systems, Residential Cooling Systems, and Commercial & Industrial Cooling Systems.
3.2. Commercial & Industrial Heating & Cooling Systems
Commercial Building Heating and Cooling Systems are available in many different configurations, sizes and fuel types - to meet a wide range of applications. Heating is typically accomplished in these units using either electric or gas heating sections. Cooling can be accomplished using Direct Expansion (DX) Coils or chilled water from a chiller or cooling tower loop. Here we consider Packaged Outdoor Heating & Cooling Systems as well as Duct-Free Heating & Cooling Systems.
3.2.1. Packaged Outdoor Heating & Cooling Systems
Packaged Outdoor Heating and Cooling Systems can be either Rooftop Packaged Heating and Cooling Units or Central Station Air Handling Units.
Rooftop Packaged Heating and Cooling Units
Rooftop Packaged Heating and Cooling Units have a fixed fan and coil configuration. They are typically used for low pressure comfort cooling and heating applications that require less than 2.0 inWC external static pressure. These have a more limited set of options than Central Station Air Handlers, are typically found in the 5-30 ton cooling range, and are readily available for fast track or emergency replacement projects.
Packaged Central Station Air Handling Units
ARI Standard 430 defines Central Station Air Handling Units as a factory made, encased assembly consisting of a fan or fans, and other necessary equipment to perform one or more of the functions of circulating, cleaning, heating, cooling, humidifying, dehumidifying and mixing of air, and shall not contain a source of heating and cooling other than gas or electric heat. This device is capable of use with ductwork having a total static pressure of at least 0.5 inWC.
3.2.2. Duct-Free Heating & Cooling Systems
Duct Free Heating & Cooling Systems can be either Fan Coil Type or Water Source Heat Pumps.
Indoor Fan Coil Unit
A Fan Coil Unit (FCU) is a simple device consisting of a heating or cooling coil and a fan. It is part of an HVAC system found in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. Since it does not have any ductwork, a fan coil unit is used to control the temperature only in the space where it is installed. It is controlled either by a manual on/off switch or by thermostat. Due to their simplicity, fan coil units are more economic to install than ducted or central heating systems. However, they can be noisy because the fan is housed within the unit.
Outdoor Condenser Unit
The Outdoor Condenser Unit includes an electric motor-driven Compressor and Condensing Coil which is designed to give off heat. This is connected with the fan coil unit via a Line Set.
Refrigerant Line Sets
Refrigerant Line Sets consist of 2 semi-flexible copper pipes to connect the outdoor air conditioner or heat pump to the indoor evaporator coil. The smaller pipe is called the Liquid Line. The larger pipe is referred to as the Suction Line, and includes insulation.
The liquid line for all systems is a standard 3/8 inch diameter. The suction line diameter may be either 3/4, 7/8, or 1 1/8 inches diameter, depending on the size and efficiency of the air conditioner or heat pump. Line sets come in several lengths, and must be cut to fit your exact need.
Water Source Heat Pump Duct-Free Heating & Cooling Systems
Water Source Heat Pumps (WSHP) move heat and do it more efficiently than any other combined heating & cooling technology currently available.
Their simplicity is renowned - they are as simple to service as a residential air conditioning unit, and they last an amazingly long time (ASHRAE estimates more than 25 years life expectancy). This simplicity and longevity is possible because Water Source Heat Pumps donīt have to work as hard as other systems to move heat from one place to another.
Closed-Loop WSHP Systems are among the most efficient HVAC systems available. These systems take advantage of the heating and cooling requirements of each space in the entire building by recovering otherwise wasted energy in some spaces and better utilizing it elsewhere in the building.
The Closed-Loop WSHP System is comprised of highly efficient packaged reverse cycle heat pump units interconnected by way of a water loop. Each unit satisfies the air comfort requirements of the particular zone in which it is installed. In cold weather, the heat pump removes heat from the water loop via the unitīs specially designed refrigerant-to-water coaxial heat exchanger and transfers it to the air.
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